Regarding acute gastric ulcers
Acute gastric ulcer refers to a localized and deep defect in the gastric mucosa that occurs within a short period of time. Common causes include stress, drugs (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), infection or chemical damage. If not intervened in time, it may lead to bleeding, perforation, and even endanger life. Currently, for the study of ulcer repair mechanisms and the evaluation of new drug efficacy, highly simulated animal models that closely resemble human pathology are still needed as support.
Why choose the canine model?
The gastrointestinal anatomy and physiological mechanisms of dogs are highly similar to those of humans, especially in terms of the gastric mucosal barrier function, neural regulation, and inflammatory response. Compared to small animal models, they have greater clinical translational value. Through controlled induction (such as drugs, surgery, or chemical stimulation), the pathological process of acute gastric ulcers can be stably simulated, providing a key platform for targeted drug screening and mucosal repair research.
Current research status
In recent years, the canine acute gastric ulcer model has been widely used in:
• Efficacy evaluation – Testing the onset time and repair effect of the new anti-ulcer drugs and mucosal protectants;
• Mechanism research – Delving deeply into the interrelationships between inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and regenerative regulation;
• Treatment technology validation – such as endoscopic interventional treatments, biological material repair, and other innovative solutions.
With the advancement of precision medicine, this model is gradually integrating imaging and molecular marker detection to achieve dynamic assessment and the development of personalized treatment strategies.
KCI•KMQ Drug Efficacy Evaluation Platform for Digestive System Diseases
The KCI•KMQ Digestive System Disease Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacology Evaluation Platform has a comprehensive animal model system. The platform has accumulated rich project experience and can meet diverse research needs. Currently, the company has established extensive long-term cooperation with many renowned pharmaceutical enterprises and research institutions at home and abroad, providing a solid foundation for the development of innovative drugs.
Case Sharing of Canine Acute Gastric Ulcer Model
01 Aspirin-induced acute gastric ulcer model in dogs
Model type
| Model | Aspirin solvent | Aspirin dosage | Adjuvant |
| Model-I | Hydrochloric acid solution | High dose | |
| Model-II | Ethanol solution | Low dose | Hydrochloric acid solution |
| Model-III | Ethanol solution | Low dose | |
| Model IV | CMC-Na solution | Low dose |
Dogs’ endoscopic gastric ulcer severity score (ESGD score)
| Scoring Criteria | Score |
| The gastric mucosa is intact and healthy, presenting a light pink color, with no abnormalities. | 0 |
| The mucosa is intact, but there may be diffuse congestion and redness, or multiple (≥5) small, superficial erosions/ulcers, but each lesion is very small in area. | 1 |
| There are medium-sized single or a few (usually less than 5) ulcers, which may be accompanied by obvious mucosal damage. | 2 |
| There are single large areas of severe ulcers with deep penetration, possibly hemorrhagic in nature. The ulcer areas are extensive and may merge with each other. The depth is significant, and there may be congestion or fibrin deposition at the bottom (with yellow or yellowish-white necrotic material present). | 3 |
| One or more deep, large-area and bleeding ulcers appear. The ulcers may cover a large area, and the mucosa is severely damaged. There is often active bleeding or extensive fibrin deposition. Severe changes such as mucosal tissue defects or even gastric perforation may occur. | 4 |
Canine endoscopy gastric ulcer peptic ulcer AHS staging
| Installment payment | Scoring Criteria | |
| Activity stage (Stage A) | Stage A1 | The ulcer is round or oval in shape, with a thick white or yellowish-white coating on the base (thick and dirty). It may be accompanied by arterial bleeding, oozing blood or blood crusts. The surrounding mucosa is congested and edematous, and there is no concentration of folds. |
| Stage A2 | The ulcer surface may be covered with yellow or white scales (thick and clean), with no active bleeding. The congestion and edema of the surrounding mucosa begin to subside, and a red halo formed by the newly regrown epithelium may appear around the lesion. | |
| Healing period (H period) | Stage H1 | The ulcer shrinks and becomes shallower, the coating becomes thinner, the surrounding congestion and edema disappear, and the red halo formed by the regenerating epithelium converges towards the ulcer, while the mucosal folds concentrate around the ulcer. |
| Stage H2 | The ulcer gradually becomes shallower and smaller. The ulcer surface is almost completely covered by regenerated epithelium, approaching healing. The mucosal folds around the lesion are more concentrated towards the center of the ulcer. | |
| Scar phase (S phase) | Stage S1 | The white coating at the base of the ulcer has disappeared, and there is now red new mucosa at the original lesion site. This is the red scar stage, which is an unstable and potentially recurrent period. |
| Stage S2 | The newly formed mucosa at the ulcer site changes from red to white. There are small depressed mucosal folds concentrating at this area, indicating the stage of white scar formation. These depressions can persist for a long time and may eventually completely disappear, signifying that the ulcer has healed and is stable. |
Model data presentation
• Model – I
• Model – Ⅱ
• Model – Ⅲ
• Model – IV
Case Sharing – Validation of Esomeprazole’s Effectiveness – Model I
• Gastroscopy examination
02 Acute gastric ulcer model in dogs induced by acetic acid
Model data presentation
• Dynamic changes and scoring of gastroscopy
Summary
The value of 2026 animal models: A crucial bridge from mechanism analysis to clinical translation
In the research process of complex diseases such as gastric ulcers, high-quality and clinically relevant animal models are indispensable core tools. They precisely connect the findings of basic research with clinical translation applications. As a professional preclinical research partner, KCI•KMQ’s animal disease models play a crucial role in this field. With its professional model construction and evaluation system, it is continuously providing strong support to research institutions and pharmaceutical companies, jointly promoting the rapid transformation from basic understanding to treatment breakthroughs in the field of gastrointestinal diseases.
Exploring diseases, empowering research. We are committed to using reliable models and data to facilitate the emergence of the next generation of therapies.
